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In this post I want to discuss about one type of text that must be understood by English learner in Indonesia, that is procedure text. Have you learnt this type of text in your school? I am sure most of students that like English lesson have been familiar with this kind of text, right?

Before I explain about this text, I want to ask you, Do you like cooking? Cooking is something that usually we do every day, especially for woman. Cooking can be enjoyable activity if we like it but there are some people lazy to cook or even afraid because they cannot make delicious food. To help them, people who cannot cook can see recipes. Recipes are very helpful. When we want to make delicious food, we need recipe because there are steps that can lead us to do it. Recipe is an example of procedure text.

Another example is book instruction. When you buy a new TV or a new phone cell, there must be a book instruction in the box. Book instruction is also one of the examples of procedure text. When you want to download something from the internet, there are steps before we do that. Those steps are also procedure text. Then, what is procedure text actually?

Procedure text is a text that explains or helps us how to make or use something. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of steps. Communicative purpose of this text is to describe how something is made through a sequence of actions or steps.

There are three generic structures in procedure text. The first is goals or purposes. The second is materials or tools. The third and the last are steps or methods. To know the text that we read is procedure or not is so simple. You can read the title of it. If the title is started with ‘how to make…’ or ‘how to use…’ it can be certainly defined that the text is procedure text.

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text : (1) Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals, e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity, e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g. how to live happily, how to succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g. : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g. : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g. : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice ….)

Purpose of Procedure Text

– To explain / tell (the reader) how to make / operate / do something through a sequence of actions or steps.
– To explain steps / instruction to make / operate / do something.

Language Feature of Procedure Text

– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g. : first, second, third, the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g. : put the noodles on the …., cut the onion …, wash the tomatoes …,)
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g. : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

Examples of Procedure Text

How To Make Orange Juice

Materials:
125 ml sugar
5 ml Vanilla extract
1 handful ice cubes
165 ml orange juice concentrate
250 ml milk
250 ml water

Steps:
1. Combine all ingredients in blender except ice cubes.
2. Add ice cubes and blend until smooth
3. Pour in a glass

How To Make Mango Juice

Materials:
A glass of ice pack
A spoon of sugar
A piece of mango
A half glass of water

Steps:
First, peel the mango and clean it
Next, cut the mango into pieces and put them into the juicer
Then, put the water, ice and sugar
After that turn on the juice and wait about 15 seconds
Finally, pour the mango juice into the glass and ready to drink

How to Make Tomato Soup

Materials:
8 cups of water
¼ Teaspoon of pepper
Small clove garlic
¼ Teaspoon of butter
4 large tomatoes
Spices
1 small onion
½ teaspoon of salt

Steps:
Cut tomatoes, onions, and garlic into small pieces.
Fry them in a pan with butter for five minutes.
Add water, spices, salt and pepper.
Heat until the water boils.
Turn down the heat and cover with lid. Cook gently for one hour.

HOW TO MAKE A CUP Of COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INGEDIENTS :
– 2 spoons of sugar
– one
spoon of coffee powder
– hot
water
– a cup
– a spoon

PROCEDURE :
1. Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon.
2. Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.
3. Pour some hot water into the cup.
4. Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee
5. Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink

HOW TO MAKE NASI UDUK

INGREDIENTS :
– 2 cups of rice
– 2 cups of coconut milk
– 1 tsp salt
– 1 pandan leaf
– 1 jeruk purut leaf
– 1 salam leaf
– 1 lemon grass

UTENSILS :
– pan
– big pot
– steamer
– rice paddle

COOKING METHOD :
1. Cook the coconut milk with all the other ingredients except
the rice.
2. Meanwhile, wash the rice
in another big pot.
3. When the coconut milk comes to a boil, pour it in the
pot filled with rice and stir frequently until all the liquid is absorbed.
4. Move the rice to a steamer until it is cooked.
5. Take out the leaves before serving.

PRESENTATION :
1. Serve hot on a platter with shredded omelet and a mixture of
fried peanuts and fried onions.
2. Garnish the platter with sliced cucumber, tomato and green
leaves. This recipe makes 4 servings.

Related Articles : Discussion Text (Complete Explanation)

Oke. I think that’s all my explanation about Procedure text. I hope it will be useful for us. I hope you are never bored to visit this site. Don’t forget to visit this site if you need English reference in your study. See you next time..

Reference :
Rudi Hartono, Genre of Texts, (Semarang: English Department Faculty of Language and Art Semarang State University, 2005)
https://www.englishindo.com/2014/04/procedure-text.html
Text Genre, Grammar: Technologies for Teaching and Assessing Writing, Peter Knapp & Megan Watkins, New South Wales Press, Ltd : Australia
Mark Andersons and Kathy Andersons, Text Type in English 1-2, Australia: MacMillanEducation, 2003.

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